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The Asian Koel (Eudynamys scolopaceus) is a member of the cuckoo order of birds, the Cuculiformes. It is found in the Indian Subcontinent, China, and Southeast Asia. It forms a superspecies with the closely related black-billed and Pacific koels which are sometimes treated as subspecies.
The Asian Koel is a brood parasite that lays its eggs in the nests of crows and other hosts, who raise its young. They are unusual among the cuckoos in being largely frugivorous as adults. The name koel is echoic in origin with several language variants. The bird is a widely used symbol in Indian poetry.
Frugivore
noun Zoology an animal that feeds on fruit.
Distribution and habitat
The Asian Koel is a bird of light woodland and cultivation. It is a mainly resident breeder in tropical southern Asia from India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka to southern China and the Greater Sundas. They have great potential in colonizing new areas, and were among the pioneer birds to colonize the volcanic island of Krakatau. They first arrived in Singapore in the 1980s and became very common birds.
Some populations may make long distance movements.
Range map from www.oiseaux.net - Ornithological Portal Oiseaux.net
www.oiseaux.net is one of those MUST visit pages if you're in to bird watching. You can find just about everything there
Description
The Asian Koel is a large, long-tailed, cuckoo measuring 39–46 cm and weighing 190–327 g. The male of the nominate race is glossy bluish-black, with a pale greenish grey bill, the iris is crimson, and it has grey legs and feet.
The female of the nominate race is brownish on the crown and has rufous streaks on the head. The back, rump and wing coverts are dark brown with white and buff spots. The underparts are whitish, but is heavily striped.
The other subspecies differ in colouration and size. The upper plumage of young birds is more like that of the male and they have a black beak. They are very vocal during the breeding season (March to August in the Indian Subcontinent), with a range of different calls. The familiar song of the male is a repeated koo-Ooo. The female makes a shrill kik-kik-kik... call. Calls vary across populations.
Length: 39- 46 cm
Wingspan:
Weight: 190 – 327 g
Longevity:
Distinctive Feature
• Red eyes
Similar Species
•
From opus at www.birdforum.net the forum for wild birds and birding.
Female / Male / Juvenile
• Female:
Brownish upperparts with white spots
Whitish underparts heavily striped and spotted brown
From opus at www.birdforum.net the forum for wild birds and birding.
Recorded with my ZOOM H5 and high pass filter with Audacity applied
Discover the bird in top of a tree outside the entrance to Sireeruckhachati Nature Learning Park. I start my recorder and I get 2 calls before flying away
They show a pattern of moult that differs from those of other parasitic cuckoos. The outer primaries show a transilient (alternating) ascending moult (P9-7-5-10-8-6) while the inner primaries are moulted in stepwise descending order (1-2-3-4).(Payne citing Stresemann and Stresemann 1961)
Taxonomy
The Asian Koel was originally described by Linnaeus as Cuculus scolopaceus based on a specimen he received from the Malabar region. The species has variations within its wide range with several island populations and a number of taxonomic variations have been suggested.
The black-billed koel (E. melanorhynchus) of the Sulawesi region and the Pacific koel of Australasia are sometimes considered conspecific with the Asian Koel in which case the "combined" species is known as the common koel.
Due to differences in plumage, colour of bill and voice, the three are increasingly treated as separate species. Alternatively, only the black-billed koel has been considered as a separate species, or the Asian Koel has included all subspecies otherwise included in the Pacific koel, except for the subspecies breeding in Australia, which then has the name Australian koel (E. cyanocephalus).
The Asian Koel has several geographic forms that have well marked plumage differences or have been geographically isolated with little gene flow. The following is a list of named subspecies with their distributions and synonyms as given by Payne:
• Eudynamys scolopaceus scolopaceus (Linnaeus, 1758). Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Laccadives and Maldives.
• Eudynamys scolopaceus chinensis (Cabanis and Heine, 1863). Southern China and Indochina, except the Thai-Malay Peninsula.
• Eudynamys scolopaceus malayana (Cabanis and Heine, 1863). Thai-Malay Peninsula, Lesser Sundas and Greater Sundas, except Sulawesi. This may include the race dolosa described from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
• Eudynamys scolopaceus mindanensis (Linnaeus, 1766) (includes E. s. paraguena) (Hachisuka, 1934) from Palawan, and E. s. corvina (Stresemann, 1931) from Halmahera, the Philippines (including Palawan and the Babuyan Islands), islands between Mindanao and Sulawesi, and North Maluku, except the Sula Islands.
Behaviour
The Asian Koel is a brood parasite, and lays its single egg in the nests of a variety of birds, including the jungle crow, and House Crow. In Sri Lanka before 1880 it was only known to parasitize the jungle crow, later shifting to the House Crow. A study in India found 5% of Corvus splendens and 0.5% of Corvus macrorhynchos nests parasitized.
In Bangladesh, they parasitise Long-tailed Shrike (Lanius schach), Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis) and House Crows (Corvus splendens) at about 35.7, 31.2 and 10.8% rates respectively. Host nests at low heights and nearer to fruit trees tended to preferred by koels.
In southern Thailand and the Malay Peninsula, koels have shifted host from crows to mynas (Acridotheres sp.) as the latter became more common in the late 1900s. In the Indian Subcontinent they have sometimes been found to parasitize the Black Drongo , the European Magpie and possibly the black-headed oriole.
Males may distract the hosts so that the female gets a chance to lay an egg in the nest. More often however, the female visits the nest of the host alone. The koel is not known to lay eggs in an empty host nest and a study in Pakistan found that the first koel eggs were laid, on average, within one and half days of the laying of the host's first egg. The chicks of the koel hatched about 3 days ahead of the host chicks.
Koels usually lay only an egg or two in a single nest but as many as seven to eleven eggs have been reported from some host nests. A female may remove a host egg before laying. Eggs hatch in 12 to 14 days. The young koel does not always push out eggs or evict the host chicks, and initially calls like a crow.
The young fledge in 20 to 28 days. Unlike some other cuckoos, the young do not attempt to kill the host chicks, a trait that is shared with the channel-billed cuckoos which are also largely frugivorous as adults.
Asian Koel fledgling
Hat Chao Samran, Thailand - May 2020
Asian Koel fledgling
Hat Chao Samran, Thailand - May 2020
It has been suggested that koels, like some other brood parasites do not evict the host chicks due presumably due to the higher cost of evicting nestmates. A small parasite may not be able to evict large host eggs or chicks from a deep Corvid nest without risking starvation and possibly accidental self-eviction.
An alternate hypothesis that retaining host chicks might benefit the koel chicks did not gain much support. Adult female parents have been known to feed young koels in the nests of the hosts, a behaviour seen in some other brood parasitic species as well. Adult males have however not been noted to feed fledglings.
The Asian Koel is omnivorous, consuming a variety of insects, caterpillars, eggs and small vertebrates. Adults feed mainly on fruit. They will sometimes defend fruiting trees that they forage in and chase away other frugivores. They have been noted to be especially important in the dispersal of the sandalwood tree (Santalum album) in India.
Large seeded fruits are sometimes quickly regurgitated near the parent tree while small seeded fruits are ingested and are likely to be deposited at greater distances from the parent tree. They have a large gape and are capable of swallowing large fruits including the hard fruit of palms such as Arenga and Livistona. They have been known to occasionally take eggs of small birds.
They feed on the fruits of Cascabela thevetia which are known to be toxic to mammals.
A number of parasites of the species have been described, including malaria-like protozoa, lice and nematodes.
In culture
The word "koel" is onomatopoeic in origin. The Sanskrit root is "Kokila" and the words in various Indian languages are similar. Being familiar birds with loud calls, references to them are common in folklore, myth and poetry. It is traditionally held in high regard for its song and revered in the Manusmriti, an ancient decree protecting them from harm.
The Vedas, Sanskrit literature dated to about 2000 BC referred to it as Anya-Vapa which has been translated as "that which was raised by others" (or "sown for others to reap". This has been interpreted as the earliest knowledge of brood parasitism. It has been chosen as the state bird by the Indian union territory of Puducherry.
These birds were once very popular in India as cagebirds. Feeding even on boiled rice, these hardy birds lived in captivity for as long as 14 years.
The sound you can hear all over Thailand
From Jawa2lak you tube channel - Visit his channel as there are a few interesting bird videos
Here is a video I took at FRIM, Kuala Lumpur 25 June 2017 - Several males in a tree, fighting?
Also Asian Koels in the surrounding trees replying to the call
Here is a video I took in Taman Tasik Ampang Hilir, Kuala Lumpur 26 June 2017
Two males, and it looks like they are fighting
Sighted: (Date of first photo that I could use) 2nd of January 2016
Location: Suan Rot Fai/ Queen Sirikit Park, Bangkok
Thank's to Nick Upton at www.thaibirding.com for HOT birding tip for the Bangkok area on his web page. Read his review by clicking HERE
Visit Nick Upton at www.thaibirding.com for HOT birding tips for sites around Bangkok and Thailand. There are reviews of the birding sites with maps and information.
And if you like Nick Upton's web page you will also like www.norththailandbirding.com I have used this page together with Nick Upton's page when planning my birding tours. Excellent reviews and information about the birding sites.
I also got the Thai names of the birds from www.norththailandbirding.com. There is a bird check list with all the names in English and Thai. And of course also the Scientific Name. Down load the birdlist in Microsoft Excel format at www.norththailandbirding.com Or down load the Excel sheet by clicking HERE
PLEASE! As I'm a first time birdwatcher bear in mind that some of the bird can be wrongly named. I have bought book and I confirm on the internet to get the right identity on the birds I take pictures off. But there can still be mistakes.
Male Asian Koel / นกกาเหว่า
2 January 2016 - Suan Rot Fai/ Queen Sirikit Park, Bangkok
Male Asian Koel / นกกาเหว่า
January 2016 - Suan Rot Fai/ Queen Sirikit Park, Bangkok
Female Asian Koel / นกกาเหว่า - 29 February 2016 - Phutthamonthon Park, Bangkok
Female Asian Koel / นกกาเหว่า - 29 February 2016 - Phutthamonthon Park, Bangkok
Female Asian Koel / นกกาเหว่า - 29 February 2016 - Phutthamonthon Park, Bangkok
Male Asian Koel / นกกาเหว่า - 29 February 2016 - Phutthamonthon Park, Bangkok
Male Asian Koel / นกกาเหว่า - 29 February 2016 - Phutthamonthon Park, Bangkok
Male Asian Koel / นกกาเหว่า - 29 February 2016 - Phutthamonthon Park, Bangkok
Male Asian Koel / นกกาเหว่า
20 January 2017 - Suan Rot Fai/ Queen Sirikit Park, Bangkok
Female Asian Koel / นกกาเหว่า
5 March 2018 - Suan Rot Fai/ Queen Sirikit Park, Bangkok
Male Asian Koel / นกกาเหว่า
5 March 2018 - Suan Rot Fai/ Queen Sirikit Park, Bangkok
Baby Asian Koel / นกกาเหว่า - 14 June 2020
eBird hotspot: Open areas on Hwy. 3510 at Km.48 vicinity, Kaeng Krachan
PLEASE! If I have made any mistakes identifying any bird, PLEASE let me know on my guestbook