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Tui, Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae

The Tui (Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae) is an endemic passerine bird of New Zealand. It is one of the largest members of the diverse honeyeater family. The name Tui is from the Māori name tūī and is the species' formal common name.

The plural is Tui in modern English, or ngā tūī in Māori usage; some speakers still use the '-s' suffix to produce the Anglicised form Tuis to indicate plurality, but this practice is becoming less common. The early European colonists called it the parson bird, but, as with many New Zealand birds, the Maori name tūī is now the common name and the English term is archaic.

Distribution and habitat
Tui are found through much of New Zealand, particularly the North Island, the west and south coasts of the South Island, Stewart Island/Rakiura and the Chatham Islands—where an endangered sub-species particular to these islands exists.

Other populations live on Raoul Island in the Kermadecs, and in the Auckland Islands (where, with the New Zealand bellbird, it is the most southerly species of honeyeater). Populations have declined considerably since European settlement, mainly as a result of widespread habitat destruction and predation by mammalian invasive species.

Nonetheless, the species is considered secure and has made recoveries in some areas, particularly after removal of livestock has allowed vegetation to recover. Predation by introduced species remains a threat, particularly brushtail possums (which eat eggs and chicks), stoats, the Common Myna (which compete with Tui for food and sometimes takes eggs), and rats.

Tui prefer broadleaf forests below 1500 metres, but will tolerate quite small remnant patches, regrowth, exotic plantations and well-vegetated suburbs. They are one of the most common birds found in urban Wellington.

They are usually seen singly, in pairs, or in small family groups, but will congregate in large numbers at suitable food sources, often in company with silvereyes, bellbirds, or kererū (New Zealand wood pigeon) in any combination.

Generally, when interspecific competition for the same food resources among New Zealand's three species of honeyeater occurs, there is a hierarchy with the Tui at the top, then bellbirds and Stitchbirds successively subordinate to the species above them—they are thus frequently chased off by Tui at a food source such as a flowering flax plant.

Tui, Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae
Tui, Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae
Range map from www.oiseaux.net - Ornithological Portal Oiseaux.net
www.oiseaux.net is one of those MUST visit pages if you're in to bird watching. You can find just about everything there


Name
The name Tui is from the Māori name Tūī and is the species' formal common name. The plural is tui in modern English, or ngā tūī in Māori usage; some speakers still use the '-s' suffix to produce the Anglicised form tuis to indicate plurality, but this practice is becoming less common.

Early European colonists called it the parson bird or mockingbird; however, these names are no longer used.

Description
The tui is a large honeyeater, 27 to 32 cm in length. The Chatham Islands subspecies is larger on average than the nominate subspecies, and heavier. Males tend to be heavier than females. Nominate males weigh between 65–15 g, and females 58–105 g. Males of the Chatham subspecies are 89–240 g and females 89–170 g.

At first glance the bird appears completely black except for a small tuft of white feathers at its neck and a small white wing patch, causing it to resemble a parson in clerical attire. On closer inspection it can be seen that Tui have brown feathers on the back and flanks, a multicoloured iridescent sheen that varies with the angle from which the light strikes them, and a dusting of small, white-shafted feathers on the back and sides of the neck that produce a lacy collar.

Behaviour and ecology
Male Tui can be extremely aggressive, chasing all other birds (large and small) from their territory with loud flapping and sounds akin to rude human speech. This is especially true of other Tui when possession of a favoured feeding tree is impinged. Birds will often erect their body feathers in order to appear larger in an attempt to intimidate a rival. They have even been known to mob harriers and Magpies.

The powered flight of Tui is quite loud as they have developed short wide wings, giving excellent maneuverability in the dense forest they prefer, but requiring rapid flapping. They can be seen to perform a mating display of rising at speed in a vertical climb in clear air, before stalling and dropping into a powered dive, then repeating.

Much of this behaviour is more notable during the breeding season of early spring—september and October. Females alone build nests of twigs, grasses and mosses.


Tui, Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae
Tui Feeding on flax nectar - Tiritiri Matangi Island - October 2017
First I thought it was a new bird, but it is a Tui coloured orange by the flower

Tui, Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae
Tui on a flax flower stalk, with pollen on its head - Tiritiri Matangi Island - October 2017
First I thought it was a new bird, but it is a Tui coloured orange by the flower


Feeding
Nectar is the normal diet but fruit and insects are frequently eaten, and pollen and seeds more occasionally. Particularly popular is the New Zealand flax, whose nectar sometimes ferments, resulting in the Tui flying in a fashion that suggests that they might be drunk.

They are the main pollinators of flax, kowhai, kaka beak and some other plants. Note that the flowers of the three plants mentioned are similar in shape to the Tui's beak—a vivid example of mutualistic coevolution.

Tui singing Tiritiri Matangi Island - October 2017


Songs and Call
Tui are considered to be very intelligent, much like parrots. They also resemble parrots in their ability to clearly imitate human speech, and were trained by Māori to replicate complex speech. Tui are also known for their noisy, unusual call, different for each individual, that combine bellbird-like notes with clicks, cackles, timber-like creaks and groans, and wheezing sounds.

Songbirds have two voice boxes (syrinxes) and this is what enables them to perform such a myriad of vocalisations. Tui song also exhibits geographical, microgeographic, seasonal, sex and individual variation.

Some of the wide range of Tui sounds are beyond the human register. Watching a Tui sing, one can observe gaps in the sound when the beak is agape and throat tufts throbbing. However, ongoing research has so far failed to detect ultrasound within Tui vocalisations. Tui will also sing at night, especially around the full moon period.

Tui singing - Tiritiri Matangi Island -October 2017


Listen to the Tui

www.xeno-canto.org

Remarks from the Recordist

Tui singing in a garden at dawn well before sunrise. Recording Equipment: Sennheiser ME 67, Sounddevices 702



Conservation status
Tui, Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae
Least concern (IUCN 3.1)
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2.
International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 26 November 2013.



From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

www.birdforum.net


Sighted: 24 October 2017 (Date of first photo that I could use)
Location: Tawharanui Regional Park


Tui, Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae
Tui - Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae - Tawharanui Regional Park - 24 October 2017

Tui, Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae
Tui - Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae - Tawharanui Regional Park - 24 October 2017

Tui, Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae
Tui - Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae - Tawharanui Regional Park - 24 October 2017

Tui, Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae
Tui - Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae - Tawharanui Regional Park - 24 October 2017

Tui, Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae
Tui - Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae - Tiritiri Matangi Island - 25 October 2017

Tui, Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae
Tui - Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae - Tiritiri Matangi Island - 25 October 2017

Tui, Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae
Tui - Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae - Tiritiri Matangi Island - 25 October 2017

Tui, Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae
Tui - Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae - Tiritiri Matangi Island - 25 October 2017




Bird watching

Going bird watching on New Zealand? I have been to a few places but so far New Zealand is outstanding regarding information on the internet. There are two organizations that are sticking New Zealand flagout so far when it comes to information about birds and wildlife/ outdoor living.
Bird information, bird song and maps. Yes, there are excellent trekking maps online so you can plan, or go back after the trek to see where you have been, excellent. I have not been disappointed.

• New Zealand Birds Online nzbirdsonline.org.nz

• New Zealand's Department of Conservation www.doc.govt.nz Click on “Nature” or just hoover with the mouse over the “Nature”

Many other places I have been to have excellent maps on site, but trying to find them online New Zealand Birds Onlinerendering nothing but disappointments. The New Zealand's Department of Conservation is the ONE STOP ONLY for everything regarding outdoor activities on New Zealand.

New Zealand Birds Online, there is everything you ever wish to know about the birds on New Zealand. Nothing less than fantastic. Click HERE to down load Checklist of the birds of NZ from New Zealand Birds Online web page nzbirdsonline.org.nz

One of the best web pages I have ever seen when it comes to birding. All the information you can ever ask for and a ONE STOP for all your needs before going bird watching on New Zealand. Range maps, sounds, information and bird lists, everything you need.

New Zealand Birds Online

Bird watching

PLEASE! If I have made any mistakes identifying any bird, PLEASE let me know on my guestbook




       
                  



                                       

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