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Birdwatching in Africa - Lesser Crested Tern, Thalasseus bengalensis


The Lesser Crested Tern (Thalasseus bengalensis) is a tern in the family, Laridae.

Distribution
It breeds in subtropical coastal parts of the world mainly from the Red Sea across the Indian Ocean to the western Pacific, and Australia, with a significant population on the southern coast of the Mediterranean on two islands off the Libyan coast. Accidental breeding has also been reported in Italy and France. The Australian birds are probably sedentary, but other populations are migratory, wintering south to South Africa.

Lesser Crested Tern, Thalasseus bengalensis

Range map
Range map from www.oiseaux.net - Ornithological Portal Oiseaux.net
www.oiseaux.net is one of those MUST visit pages if you're in to bird watching. You can find just about everything there


Etymology
The genus name is from Ancient Greek Thalasseus, "fisherman" from thalassa, "sea". The specific bengalensis means "of Bengal", the type locality, historically referring to much of northern India and Bangladesh.

Subspecies
This bird has a number of geographical subspecies, differing mainly in size and minor plumage details:

• T. b. emigrata (Neumann, 1934): breeding in the Mediterranean on islands off the coast of Libya, wintering West Africa. Pale grey above (only marginally darker than Sandwich tern); slightly larger.

• T. b. bengalensis (Lesson, 1831): northern Indian Ocean, wintering to South Africa. Medium-dark grey above; slightly smaller.

• T. b. torresii (Gould, 1843): Indonesia south to Queensland, Australia, wintering in the same area (birds breeding in the Persian Gulf are also often given as this race). Dark grey above; slightly larger.


The Mediterranean race is a rare vagrant to Europe, and has bred in pure or mixed pairs (with Sandwich tern) in Italy, Spain and England.

This species breeds in dense colonies on coasts and islands. It nests in a ground scrape and lays one to two (rarely three) eggs. Nesting behaviour is very similar to that of Sandwich terns, with predator avoidance by nesting in very dense colonies, and also (in race emigrata at least) by nesting in the late summer when predatory yellow-legged gulls have finished breeding and departed from the nesting area.

Description
Like all Thalasseus terns, Lesser Crested Tern feeds by plunge-diving for fish, usually from saline environments. It usually dives directly, and not from the "stepped-hover" favoured by Arctic tern. The offering of fish by the male to the female is part of the courtship display.

This is a medium-large tern, very similar in size and general appearance to its three very close relatives Sandwich tern, Elegant tern and Chinese crested tern. The summer adult has a black cap, black legs and a long sharp orange bill. The upperwings, rump and central tail feathers are grey and the underparts white.

The primary flight feathers darken during the summer. In winter, the forehead becomes white. The call is a loud grating noise like Sandwich tern.

Listen to the Lesser Crested Tern

www.xeno-canto.org


The grey rump is a useful flight identification feature distinguishing it from the related species. The Elegant tern also differs in a slightly longer, slenderer bill, while Chinese crested tern differs in a black tip to the bill and Sandwich tern a black bill with a yellow tip.

Juvenile Lesser Crested Terns resemble same-age Sandwich terns, but with a yellow-orange bill, and paler overall, with only faint dark crescents on the mantle feathers.

There are two other orange-billed terns within the range of this species, royal tern and Greater crested tern. Both are much larger and stouter-billed; royal also has a white rump and tail, while crested (which shares the grey rump) is darker overall above and has a yellower bill. See also orange-billed tern.

Length: 35-43 cm
Wingspan: 88-105 cm
Weight: 185-242 g
Longevity: -
Distinctive Feature
• Long sharp orange bill, may have light yellow tip
Similar Species
Greater Crested Tern: Larger. Plumage darker above; forehead always white, even in the courtship and breeding seasons. Bill yellow to greenish-yellow, and thicker, with dagger shape.

Sandwich Tern: black bill with yellow tip

From www.birdforum.net


Conservation
T. bengalensis is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) applies, and one of 10 marine bird species listed in Mediterranean marine birds Action Plan http://www.rac-spa.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=97&Itemid=154

Conservation status
Lesser Crested Tern, Thalasseus bengalensis
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2016: e.T22694561A104369516.
doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22694561A104369516.en. Retrieved 14 January 2018.



From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

www.birdforum.net


Sighted: (Date of first photo that I could use) 13 November 2018
Location: On board m/t Ribe Maersk at Djobouti anchorage


Lesser Crested Tern, Thalasseus bengalensis
Lesser Crested Tern - On board m/t Ribe Maersk at Djobouti anchorage - 13 November 2018

Lesser Crested Tern, Thalasseus bengalensis
Lesser Crested Tern - On board m/t Ribe Maersk at Djobouti anchorage - 13 November 2018

Lesser Crested Tern, Thalasseus bengalensis
Lesser Crested Tern - On board m/t Ribe Maersk at Djobouti anchorage - 13 November 2018

Lesser Crested Tern, Thalasseus bengalensis
Lesser Crested Tern - On board m/t Ribe Maersk at Djobouti anchorage - 13 November 2018

Lesser Crested Tern, Thalasseus bengalensis
Lesser Crested Tern - On board m/t Ribe Maersk at Djobouti anchorage - 13 November 2018

Lesser Crested Tern, Thalasseus bengalensis
Lesser Crested Tern - On board m/t Ribe Maersk at Djobouti anchorage - 13 November 2018

Lesser Crested Tern, Thalasseus bengalensis
Lesser Crested Tern - On board m/t Ribe Maersk at Djobouti anchorage - 13 November 2018

Lesser Crested Tern, Thalasseus bengalensis
Lesser Crested Tern - On board m/t Ribe Maersk at Djobouti anchorage - 13 November 2018

Lesser Crested Tern, Thalasseus bengalensis
Lesser Crested Tern - On board m/t Ribe Maersk at Djobouti anchorage - 13 November 2018

Lesser Crested Tern, Thalasseus bengalensis
Lesser Crested Tern - On board m/t Ribe Maersk at Djobouti anchorage - 13 November 2018

Lesser Crested Tern, Thalasseus bengalensis
Lesser Crested Tern - On board m/t Ribe Maersk at Djobouti anchorage - 13 November 2018

Lesser Crested Tern, Thalasseus bengalensis
Lesser Crested Tern - On board m/t Ribe Maersk at Djobouti anchorage - 13 November 2018

Lesser Crested Tern, Thalasseus bengalensis
Lesser Crested Tern - On board m/t Ribe Maersk at Djobouti anchorage - 13 November 2018



PLEASE! If I have made any mistakes identifying any bird, PLEASE let me know on my guestbook



       
                  



                                       

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